COVID-19 e a adaptação ao ensino remoto emergencial: revisão de escopo / COVID-19 and the adaptation to emergency remote teaching: a scoping review

Objetivo: Mapear o conhecimento sobre os principais desafios e as possíveis oportunidades advindas do ensino remoto emergencial durante a pandemia da COVID-19 sob a perspectiva de docentes e discentes dos cursos de ensino superior das áreas de Ciências da Saúde. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão de escopo pautada nas reco-mendações do The Joanna Briggs Institute. Foram realizadas buscas em duas bases de dados a fim de identificar estudos primários publicados em português, inglês e espanhol, entre os anos de 2020 e 2021, das quais foram identificadas 15 publicações que abordavam o ensino remoto emergencial em cursos de ensino superior da área de saúde. Resultados: Das publicações analisadas, 73,3% eram estudos transversais. Sete dos estudos tiveram os discentes como grupo de estudo, quatro abordaram a perspectiva docente, e três trouxeram a percepção conjunta de discentes e docentes. Os principais desafios identificados foram: o cumprimento das atividades de prática clínica, o distanciamento e menor interação entre pares, aumento da carga de trabalho, dificuldade/disparidade no acesso à internet e problemas técnicos, presença de distratores dificultando foco e motivação, dificuldade de manter aten-ção nesta modalidade de ensino, qualidade do ensino, baixa adesão dos discentes, insatisfação com as atividades em grupo e dificuldades em relação ao uso do dispositivo. Como oportunidades, a flexibilidade das aulas, o uso de tecnologias interativas, economia de tempo, melhoria de interação entre os discentes e docentes, possibilidades de cooperação vencidas pela barreira física. Conclusão: Do ponto de vista de discentes e docentes, existiram inúme-ros desafios sociais, tecnológicos (acesso e conhecimento) e pedagógicos. No entanto, este contexto também trou-xe novas oportunidades, que devem ser refletidas e analisadas pela comunidade acadêmica como pontos positivos, e incorporadas estrategicamente a fim de transformar o sistema educacional. (AU)

Objective: To map the knowledge of the main challenges and possible opportunities in emergency remote teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic from the perspective of higher education health science professors and students. Method: This scoping review was based on the recommendations of the Joanna Briggs Institute. The search was conducted in two databases to identify primary studies published in Portuguese, English, or Spanish in 2020 and 2021; 15 publications that approached emergency remote teaching in higher education programs in the field of health were identified. Results: Of the analyzed publications, 73.3% were cross-sectional studies. Seven studies comprised students in the study group; four addressed professors' perspectives; and three analyzed both students' and professors' perceptions. The following main challenges were identified: carrying out practical clinical activities, peer distancing and less interaction, increased workload, Internet access difficulties/disparities and technical problems, presence of distractors hindering focus and motivation, attention difficulties in this teaching modality, quality of teaching, low student adherence, dissatisfaction with group activities, and difficulties using devices. The opportunities included class flexibility, interactive technology use, time saving, improved student-professor interaction, cooperation possibilities otherwise impossible due to physical barriers. Conclusion: From the students' and professors' standpoint, there were countless social, technological (access and knowledge), and pedagogical challenges. On the other hand, this context also provided new opportunities, which the academic community must consider and analyze as positive aspects incorporated strategically to transform the educational system. (AU)

Biofilm production and beta-lactamic resistance in Brazilian Staphylococcus aureus isolates from bovine mastitis

Abstract Staphylococcus spp. play an important role in the etiology of bovine mastitis. Staphylococcus aureus is considered the most relevant species due to the production of virulence factors such as slime, which is required for biofilm formation. This study aimed to evaluate biofilm production and its possible relation to beta-lactamic resistance in 20 S. aureus isolates from bovine mastitic milk. The isolates were characterized by pheno-genotypic and MALDI TOF-MS assays and tested for genes such as icaA, icaD, bap, agr RNAIII, agr I, agr II, agr III, and agr IV, which are related to slime production and its regulation. Biofilm production in microplates was evaluated considering the intervals determined along the bacterial growth curve. In addition, to determine the most suitable time interval for biofilm analysis, scanning electron microscopy was performed. Furthermore, genes such as mecA and blaZ that are related to beta-lactamic resistance and oxacillin susceptibility were tested. All the studied isolates were biofilm producers and mostly presented icaA and icaD. The Agr type II genes were significantly prevalent. According to the SEM, gradual changes in the bacterial arrangement were observed during biofilm formation along the growth curve phases, and the peak was reached at the stationary phase. In this study, the penicillin resistance was related to the production of beta-lactamase, and the high minimal bactericidal concentration for cefoxitin was possibly associated with biofilm protection. Therefore, further studies are warranted to better understand biofilm formation, possibly contributing to our knowledge about bacterial resistance in vivo.

Amiloidose-mieloma múltiplo apresentando-se como pseudomiopatia / Multiple myeloma-amyloidosis presenting as pseudomyopathy

Amiloidose é uma designação genérica para se referir à deposição de fibrilas amiloides nos tecidos corporais. Ela apresenta-se, frequentemente, após os 40 anos de idade, com envolvimento localizado ou sistêmico, associada a mieloma múltiplo ou a doenças inflamatórias crônicas, podendo mimetizar diferentes síndromes reumatológicas. Relata-se o caso de uma paciente com amiloidose associada a mieloma múltiplo cuja apresentação inicial simulava miopatia.

Amyloidosis is a generic term that refers to the deposition of amyloid fibrils in bodily tissues. Its onset is usually after 40 years of age, with localized or systemic involvement associated with multiple myeloma or chronic inflammatory diseases, and can mimic various rheumatic syndromes. We report the case of a patient with amyloidosis associated with multiple myeloma, showing clinical characteristics of pseudomyopathy.

Percepção dos usuários acerca do aconselhamento pré-teste anti HIV em uma unidade de referência em Fortaleza, Ceará / User´s perception about anti-hiv pre-test couseling in a reference unit in Fortaleza, Ceará

O aconselhamento pré-teste anti-HIV é uma estratégia importante no campo do conhecimento, da prevenção e na qualidade do diagnóstico de HIV/aids e da atenção à saúde e tem como componentes o apoio educativo/informativo, emocional e a avaliação de riscos. Este estudo teve como objetivo conhecer a percepção dos usuários acerca do componente informativo do aconselhamento pré-teste em Fortaleza, Ceará. Estudo exploratório-descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, realizado com treze usuários que participaram do aconselhamento pré-teste, em uma unidade de referência para DST. A coleta de dados ocorreu, no período de março a abril de 2007, por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas. Os dados foram organizados em categorias e a análise pautou-se no componente educativo/informativo do aconselhamento para DST/HIV/aids recomendado pelo Ministério da Saúde. Verificou-se que os usuários percebem a importância desse componente do aconselhamento pré-teste anti-HIV como estratégia preventiva, contribuindo sobremaneira para a autopercepção de riscos e vulnerabilidade e para a decisão em realizar o teste.

The pre-test counseling for anti-HIV is an important strategy in the field of knowledge, prevention and quality of diagnosis of HIV/aids, attention to health care, having as components the educational/informative, emotional support and evaluation of risks. This study had as main objective to know the perception of users. This study aimed to understand the perception of users on the informative component of pre-test counseling, in Fortaleza-Ceará. Descriptive-exploratory study, with qualitative approach, carried out with thirteen users who participated of pre-test counseling, in an unit of reference for DSTs. Data collection occurred from March to April, 2007, through semi-structured interviews. Data were organized in categories and the analysis was based on educational/informative component of counseling for DST/HIV/aids, recomended by Ministry of Health/Brazil. It was found that users perceive the importance of this component of pre-test counseling for anti-HIV as preventive strategy, contributing greatly to the auto-perception of risks and vulnerability, and to the decision to submit themselves to the test.